Integer and Fractional Quantum Hall Effect in Two-Terminal Measurements on Suspended Graphene

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the observation of integer and fractional quantum Hall effects in suspended graphene using two-terminal measurements, revealing new quantized states and larger excitation gaps than in traditional systems.

Contribution

It introduces a two-terminal measurement approach for suspended graphene, identifying new quantized states and analyzing their excitation gaps with a theoretical model.

Findings

Observation of quantized Hall plateaus at integer and fractional fillings.

Detection of new quantized states outside the known sequence.

Excitation gaps larger than those in GaAs-based systems.

Abstract

We report the observation of the quantized Hall effect in suspended graphene probed with a two-terminal lead geometry. The failure of earlier Hall-bar measurements is discussed and attributed to the placement of voltage probes in mesoscopic samples. New quantized states are found at integer Landau level fillings outside the sequence 2,6,10.., as well as at a fractional filling \nu=1/3. Their presence is revealed by plateaus in the two-terminal conductance which appear in magnetic fields as low as 2 Tesla at low temperatures and persist up to 20 Kelvin in 12 Tesla. The excitation gaps, extracted from the data with the help of a theoretical model, are found to be significantly larger than in GaAs based electron systems.