Singularity and entropy of the viscosity dark energy model

TL;DR

This paper explores a bulk viscosity dark energy model with a redshift-dependent viscosity parameter, constrains it with supernova data, and analyzes its evolution, singularity properties, and entropy behavior to understand its cosmological implications.

Contribution

It introduces a general relation between bulk viscosity and the Hubble parameter, investigates a specific redshift-dependent viscosity model, and applies diagnostic methods to distinguish it from the standard cosmological model.

Findings

The viscosity model can mimic late-time acceleration.

Proper parameter choices avoid future singularities.

Total entropy increases monotonically, indicating an arrow of time.

Abstract

In this paper bulk viscosity is introduced to describe the effects of cosmic non-perfect fluid on the cosmos evolution and to build the unified dark energy (DE) with (dark) matter models. Also we derive a general relation between the bulk viscosity form and Hubble parameter that can provide a procedure for the viscosity DE model building. Especially, a redshift dependent viscosity parameter $\zeta\propto\lambda_{0}+\lambda_{1}(1+z)^{n}$ proposed in the previous work by X.H.Meng and X.Dou in 2009\cite{md} is investigated extensively in this present work. Further more we use the recently released supernova dataset (the Constitution dataset) to constrain the model parameters. In order to differentiate the proposed concrete dark energy models from the well known $\Lambda$CDM model, statefinder diagnostic method is applied to this bulk viscosity model, as a complementary to the $Om$ parameter diagnostic and the deceleration parameter analysis performed by us before. The DE model evolution behavior and tendency are shown in the plane of the statefinder diagnostic parameter pair \{$r,s$\} where the fixed point represents the $\Lambda$CDM model. The possible singularity property in this bulk viscosity cosmology is also discussed to which we can conclude that in the different parameter regions chosen properly, this concrete viscosity DE model can have various late evolution behaviors and the late time singularity could be avoided. We also calculate the cosmic entropy in the bulk viscosity dark energy frame, and find that the total entropy in the viscosity DE model increases monotonously with respect to the scale factor evolution, thus this monotonous increasing property can indicate an arrow of time in the universe evolution, though the quantum version of the arrow of time is still puzzling.