Hierarchical energy relaxation in mesoscopic tunnel junctions: Effect of nonequilibrium environment on low-temperature transport

TL;DR

This paper presents a theory of nonequilibrium transport in mesoscopic tunnel junction arrays, highlighting the dominance of environmental relaxation mechanisms over electron-phonon interactions and their impact on current-voltage behavior.

Contribution

It introduces a new theoretical framework for understanding energy relaxation and cotunneling in tunnel junction arrays under nonequilibrium conditions.

Findings

Energy relaxation can occur sequentially when electron-electron interactions dominate.

Cotunneling is primarily mediated by electron-hole excitations rather than phonons.

An energy gap in the electron-hole spectrum suppresses tunneling below a critical temperature.

Abstract

We develop a theory of far from the equilibrium transport in arrays of tunnel junctions. We find that if the rate of the electron-electron interactions exceeds the rate of the electron-phonon energy exchange, the energy relaxation ensuring the charge transfer may occur sequentially. In particular, cotunneling transport in arrays of junctions is dominated by the relaxation via the intermediate bosonic environment, the electron-hole excitations, rather than by the electron-phonon mechanism. The current-voltage characteristics are highly sensitive to the spectrum of the environmental modes and to the applied bias, which sets the lower bound for the effective temperature. We demonstrate that the energy gap in the electron-hole spectrum which opens below some critical temperature T* due to long-range Coulomb interactions gives rise to the suppression of the tunneling current.