Systematic Uncertainties in Theoretical Predictions of Jet Quenching

TL;DR

This paper reveals significant systematic uncertainties in current jet quenching models due to violations of the collinear approximation, impacting the extraction of medium properties in heavy-ion collisions.

Contribution

It demonstrates that existing radiative energy loss kernels violate the collinear approximation, leading to large uncertainties in medium parameter extraction and emphasizes the need for improved models.

Findings

Radiative energy loss kernels violate collinear approximation.

Systematic uncertainty of ~50% in R_AA calculations.

Uncertainty of ~200% in medium density extraction.

Abstract

We find that the current radiative energy loss kernels obtained from the opacity expansion dramatically violate the collinear approximation used in their derivation. By keeping only the lowest order in collinearity terms, models based on the opacity expansion have ~50% systematic uncertainty in the calculation of pi^0 R_AA in 0-5% most central RHIC collisions resulting in a systematic uncertainty of ~200% in the extracted medium density. Surprisingly, the inclusion of a thermal gluon mass on the order of the Debye screening scale affects R_AA at only about the 5% level due to non-intuitive coherence effects. For some observables such as R_AA, the effect of these uncertainties decreases with increasing jet energy; for others, such as the average number of radiated gluons, the effect is energy independent. We note that it is likely that the differences reported in the extracted values of medium parameters such as qhat by various jet energy loss models will fall within this collinear approximation systematic uncertainty; it is imperative for the quantitative extraction of medium parameters or the possible falsification of the hypothesis of weak coupling between the hard probes and soft modes of the quark gluon plasma medium that future radiative energy loss research push beyond the lowest order collinear approximation.