Convergence rates for arbitrary statistical moments of random quantum circuits

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the convergence rates of random quantum circuits in approximating Haar measure averages for arbitrary moments, establishing a spectral gap scaling and implications for efficient quantum designs.

Contribution

It introduces an exact mapping between superoperators of t-order moments and a multilevel SU(4^t) Hamiltonian, revealing the spectral gap scaling as 1/n.

Findings

Spectral gap scales as 1/n in the thermodynamic limit.

Random quantum circuits efficiently implement -approximate unitary t-designs.

Established a connection between moments and a multilevel SU(4^t) Hamiltonian.

Abstract

We consider a class of random quantum circuits where at each step a gate from a universal set is applied to a random pair of qubits, and determine how quickly averages of arbitrary finite-degree polynomials in the matrix elements of the resulting unitary converge to Haar measure averages. This is accomplished by establishing an exact mapping between the superoperator that describes t-order moments on n qubits and a multilevel SU(4^t) Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick Hamiltonian. For arbitrary fixed t, we find that the spectral gap scales as 1/n in the thermodynamic limit. Our results imply that random quantum circuits yield an efficient implementation of \epsilon-approximate unitary t-designs.