Unfolding the procedure of characterizing recorded ultra low frequency, kHZ and MHz electromagnetic anomalies prior to the L'Aquila earthquake as pre-seismic ones. Part II

TL;DR

This study analyzes electromagnetic anomalies across multiple frequency bands recorded before the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake to assess their potential as credible earthquake precursors.

Contribution

It provides a detailed temporal characterization of pre-seismic EM anomalies and discusses their physical credibility as earthquake precursors.

Findings

EM anomalies appeared in a specific temporal sequence before the quake

The anomalies' physical origin remains debated but are systematically documented

The work offers insights into the potential of EM signals as earthquake precursors

Abstract

Ultra low frequency-ULF (1 Hz or lower), kHz and MHz electromagnetic (EM) anomalies were recorded prior to the L'Aquila catastrophic earthquake (EQ) that occurred on April 6, 2009. The detected anomalies followed this temporal scheme. (i) The MHZ EM anomalies were detected on March 26, 2009 and April 2, 2009. The kHz EM anomalies were emerged on April, 4 2009. The ULF EM anomaly was continuously recorded from March 29, 2009 up to April 2, 2009. "Are EQs predictable?" is a question hotly debated in the science community. Its answer begs for another question: "Are there credible EQ precursors?". Despite fairly abundant circumstantial evidence pre-seismic EM signals have not been adequately accepted as real physical quantities. Therefore, the question effortlessly arises as to whether the observed anomalies before the L'Aquila EQ were seismogenic or not. The main goal of this work is to provide some insight into this issue.