Moderate Degree of Input Negative Entropy Flow and Decrease of Entropy in Astrophysics, Biology, Psychology and Social Systems

TL;DR

This paper explores how internal interactions can lead to entropy decrease in various systems, proposing a universal law for moderate negative entropy flow across astrophysics, biology, psychology, and social sciences.

Contribution

It introduces a mathematical expression for negative entropy flow, extending thermodynamics to systems with internal interactions and entropy decrease.

Findings

Entropy can decrease due to internal interactions in isolated systems.

A universal law for moderate negative entropy flow is proposed.

Applications to biological, psychological, and social systems are discussed.

Abstract

Thermodynamics have been applied to astronomy, biology, psychology, some social systems and so on. But, various evolutions from astronomy to biology and social systems cannot be only increase of entropy. When fluctuations are magnified due to internal interactions, the statistical independence and the second law of the thermodynamics are not hold. The existence of internal interactions is necessary condition of decrease of entropy in isolated system. We calculate quantitatively the entropy of plasma. Then we discuss the thermodynamics of biology, and obtain a mathematical expression on moderate degree of input negative entropy flow, which is a universal scientific law. Further, the thermodynamics of physiology and psychology, and the thought field are introduced. Qigong and various religious practices are related to these states of order, in which decrease of entropy is shown due to internal interactions of the isolated systems. Finally we discuss possible decrease of entropy in some social systems.