On the Nature of the Apparent Ring Galaxy SDSS J075234.33+292049.8

TL;DR

This study investigates the structure, kinematics, and composition of the rare polar ring galaxy SDSS J075234.33+292049.8, combining imaging and spectroscopic data to explore its formation and nature.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of a rare polar ring galaxy, proposing two formation scenarios and favoring the polar ring interpretation based on observational evidence.

Findings

The galaxy has a 36 kpc diameter ring with slightly under-abundant metallicity.

High mass-to-light ratio suggests significant dark matter presence.

The second formation scenario as a polar ring galaxy is more supported.

Abstract

(abridged) An object classified as a galaxy in on-line data bases and revealed on sky survey images as a distant ring galaxy is a rare case of polar ring galaxy where the ring is only slightly inclined to the equatorial plane of the central body. SDSS imaging indicates that the diameter of the ring is about 36 kpc. The SDSS data was combined with long-slit spectroscopic observations and with Fabry-Perot Interferometer H-beta mapping obtained at the Russian Academy of Sciences 6-m telescope. We derived the complex morphologies of this presumed ring galaxy from a combination of SDSS images and from the kinematical behaviour of the central body and of the ring, and determined the stellar population compositions of the two components from SDSS colours, spectroscopy, and evolutionary stellar synthesis models. The ring metallicity is slightly under-abundant. The total luminosity and the total mass of the system are not extreme, but the rather high M/L~20 indicates the presence of large amounts of dark matter. Two alternative explanations of this object are proposed (1) a ring formed by two semi-circular and tight spiral arms at the end of a central bar with a warp or precession of the ring material. The object could, therefore, be explained as an extreme SBa(R) galaxy, or (2) a Polar Ring Galaxy where the inner object is an S0 and the ring is significantly more luminous than the central object. The compound object would then be similar to the NGC 4650A galaxy, being a rare object with a polar component only modestly inclined to the equatorial plane of the central body. Arguments for (and against) both explanations are given and discussed, with the second alternative being more acceptable.