Spinning-Up the Envelope Before Entering a Common Envelope Phase

TL;DR

This paper models the pre-Common Envelope (CE) phase in binary systems with evolved giants, showing that many systems reach stable synchronized orbits allowing significant mass loss before CE, affecting the outcome of binary evolution.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of the pre-CE evolution, emphasizing the importance of spin-up and mass-loss phases in determining binary survival and evolution outcomes.

Findings

Many systems reach stable synchronized orbits before CE

Pre-CE mass loss can significantly alter binary evolution

More systems survive CE than previously estimated

Abstract

We calculate the orbital evolution of binary systems where the primary star is an evolved red giant branch (RGB) star, while the secondary star is a low-mass main sequence (MS) star or a brown dwarf. The evolution starts with a tidal interaction causes the secondary to spiral-in. Than either a common envelope (CE) is formed in a very short time, or alternatively the system reaches synchronization and the spiraling-in process substantially slows down. Some of the latter systems later enter a CE phase. We find that for a large range of system parameters, binary systems reach stable synchronized orbits before the onset of a CE phase. Such stable synchronized orbits allow the RGB star to lose mass prior to the onset of the CE phase. Even after the secondary enters the giant envelope, the rotational velocity is high enough to cause an enhanced mass-loss rate. Our results imply that it is crucial to include the pre-CE evolution when studying the outcome of the CE phase. We find that many more systems survive the CE phase than would be the case if these preceding spin-up and mass-loss phases had not been taken into account. Although we have made the calculations for RGB stars, the results have implications for other evolved stars that interact with close companions.