Scaling of Tropical-Cyclone Dissipation

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new statistical law for tropical cyclone energy dissipation using the power dissipation index, revealing how cyclone energy scales with climate factors across different ocean basins and periods.

Contribution

It presents a universal power law for PDI distribution, linking tropical cyclone physics to critical phenomena and enabling climate impact quantification.

Findings

PDI follows a robust power law across basins and periods.

Largest PDI values increase with sea surface temperature and El Nino.

Recent North Atlantic hurricane activity is consistent with historical high-activity periods.

Abstract

The influence of climate variability and global warming on the occurrence of tropical cyclones (TC) is a controversial issue. Existing historical databases on the subject are not fully reliable, but a more fundamental hindrance is the lack of basic understanding regarding the intrinsic nature of tropical cyclone genesis and evolution. It is known that tropical cyclones involve more than a passive response to changing external forcing, but it is not clear which dynamic behaviour best describes them. Here we present a new approach based on the application of the power dissipation index (PDI), which constitutes an estimation of released energy, to individual tropical cyclones. A robust law emerges for the statistics of PDI, valid in four different ocean basins and over long time periods. In addition to suggesting a novel description of the physics of tropical cyclones in terms of critical phenomena, the law allows to quantify their response to changing climatic conditions, with an increase in the largest PDI values with sea surface temperature or the presence of El Nino phenomenon, depending on the basin under consideration. In this way, we demonstrate that the recent upswing in North Atlantic hurricane activity does not involve TCs quantitatively different from those in other sustained high-activity periods prior to 1970.