Derivation and experimental test of fidelity benchmarks for remote preparation of arbitrary qubit states

TL;DR

This paper derives fidelity benchmarks for remote qubit state preparation, demonstrating an experimental scheme that surpasses classical limits with high fidelity in quantum communication.

Contribution

It provides the first derivation of classical fidelity thresholds for RSP and experimentally achieves high-fidelity remote preparation exceeding these classical bounds.

Findings

Achieved average fidelity of 0.995 in remote qubit preparation

Surpassed classical fidelity thresholds in experimental tests

Validated the quantum advantage in remote state preparation

Abstract

Remote state preparation (RSP) is the act of preparing a quantum state at a remote location without actually transmitting the state itself. Using at most two classical bits and a single shared maximally entangled state, one can in theory remotely prepare any qubit state with certainty and with perfect fidelity. However, in any experimental implementation the average fidelity between the target and output states cannot be perfect. In order for an RSP experiment to demonstrate genuine quantum advantages, it must surpass the optimal threshold of a comparable classical protocol. Here we study the fidelity achievable by RSP protocols lacking shared entanglement, and determine the optimal value for the average fidelity in several different cases. We implement an experimental scheme for deterministic remote preparation of arbitrary photon polarization qubits, preparing 178 different pure and mixed qubit states with an average fidelity of 0.995. Our experimentally-achieved average fidelities surpass our derived classical thresholds whenever the classical protocol does not trivially allow for perfect RSP.