Star Formation Histories within the Antennae Galaxies (Arp 244)

TL;DR

This study analyzes star formation histories within the Antennae galaxies using multi-wavelength data, revealing localized intense starburst regions and proposing sequential star formation paths influenced by galaxy merging dynamics.

Contribution

It introduces a method combining MIPS 24 micron dust emission with spectral energy distribution analysis to constrain star formation histories in merging galaxies.

Findings

Most regions have modest star formation levels.

Localized intense starbursts occur in overlap and western-loop regions.

Star formation may be triggered by pre-starburst shocks.

Abstract

With the imagery from GALEX, HST, 2MASS, and Spitzer, and at the resolution of MIPS 24 micron(~6"), we study the variations of the broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of star-forming regions within the nearest prototypal major merger -- the Antennae galaxies. By including MIPS 24 micron dust emission into stellar population analysis, we reliably, albeit roughly, constrain the star formation histories of these 24 micron selected star-forming regions across the merging disks of the Antennae. Our population analysis is consistent with the star formation scenario that, most regions across the whole system are at a modest level of star formation with the exception of some localized intense starburst sites in the well-known overlap regions and the western-loop regions of northern galaxy NGC 4038. Compared with all the other regions, the young overlap regions currently (<10 Myr) are experiencing much more violent enhancement of star formation. Across the overlap regions, we suggest two sequential star formation paths which we interpret as the imprints of the interpenetrating process of the two merging disks following their second close encounter. And we suggest that the star formation in the southern and (especially) northwestern edges of the overlap zone may have been just triggered by pre-starburst shocks. The well-known mid-infrared "hotspot" in the overlap regions is also a "hotspot" at 4.5 micron, whose total 4.5 micron emission (>=80% from both hot dust and atomic/molecular lines) is comparable with that of the two galactic nuclei.