Non-Prefered Reference Frames and Anomalous Earth Flybys

TL;DR

This paper explores the implications of non-preferred reference frames with anisotropic geometry on spacecraft flyby anomalies, challenging the assumptions of special relativity and providing alternative explanations for observed frequency shifts.

Contribution

It introduces transformation formulae for non-preferred frames with anisotropic geometry, contrasting with Lorentz transformations, and applies these to explain spacecraft flyby anomalies.

Findings

Anisotropic geometry affects Doppler shifts in non-preferred frames.

Standard Lorentz transformations are inconsistent with CMB anisotropy.

Observed spacecraft anomalies are not explained by non-preferred frame effects.

Abstract

Let us consider a reference frame Sigma prime in which the pseudo-Euclidean geometry holds. Einstein assumed that the principle of special relativity is valid, i.e. the reference frame of any uniformly moving observer is also described by the pseudo-Euclidean geometry. The transformation formulae from one reference frame to the other one are therefore given by the well-known Lorentz-transformations. But Einsteins assumption contradicts the observed dipole anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) in the universe. The transformation formulae of the prefered reference frame Sigma prime in which the pseudo-Euclidean geometry is valid to a uniformly moving observer in a non-prefered reference frame Sigma are stated. The geomerty in Sigma is anisotropic. The Doppler shift of objects moving in a non-prefered reference frame is calculated. This result is applied to spacecrafts which fly near the Earth. The observed anomalous frequency shift of several spacecrafts during near Earth flybys does not arise in the non-prefered reference frame Sigma