Vortex Motion in Superfluid $^4$He: Effects of Normal Fluid Flow

TL;DR

This paper analytically investigates vortex motion in superfluid helium-4 using the HVBK model, highlighting the effects of normal fluid flow and friction terms on vortex dynamics and Kelvin wave propagation.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analytical formulation of vortex dynamics in superfluid helium-4, including the effects of normal fluid flow and friction coefficients, and explores Kelvin wave behavior under these conditions.

Findings

Friction term with alpha prime causes algebraic growth of Kelvin waves.

Normal fluid velocity along the vortex induces parametric amplification.

Neglecting alpha prime is justified as it does not significantly dampen Kelvin waves.

Abstract

The motion of a vortex filament in superfluid 4He is considered by using the Hall-Vinen-Bekarevich-Khalatnikov (HVBK) phenomenological model for the scattering process between the vortex and thermal excitations in liquid 4He. The HVBK equations are analytically formulated first in the intrinsic geometric parameter space to obtain insights into the physical implications of the friction terms, associated with the friction coefficients alpha and alpha^prime (in the Hall-Vinen notation) as well as the previous neglect of the friction term associated with the friction coefficient alpha^prime. The normal fluid velocity components both along and transverse to the vortex filament are included. This analytical development also serves to highlight the difficulties arising in making further progress on this route. A reformulation of the HVBK equation in the extrinsic vortex filament coordinate space is then given which is known (Shivamoggi) to provide a useful alternative analytical approach in this regard. A nonlinear Schrodinger equation for the propagation of nonlinear Kelvin waves on a vortex filament in a superfluid is given taking into account the generalized normal fluid flow. The friction term associated with alpha^prime, even in the presence of the normal fluid velocity components transverse to the vortex filament, is shown to produce merely an algebraic growth of the Kelvin waves hence providing further justification for the neglect of this term. On the other hand, the instability produced by the friction term associated with alpha via the normal fluid velocity component along the vortex filament is shown to manifest itself as a parametric amplification on considering the problem of a rotating planar vortex filament in a superfluid.