One way quantum bit commitment through classical correlation

TL;DR

This paper introduces a one way quantum bit commitment protocol based on classical correlation, independent of entanglement, and demonstrates its application in a coin-toss game with potential security enhancements.

Contribution

It presents a novel quantum bit commitment protocol utilizing classical correlation and non-orthogonal states, expanding quantum cryptography methods beyond entanglement-based schemes.

Findings

Protocol successfully encodes choices in non-orthogonal states

Deterministic distinction of orthogonal product states demonstrated

Security can be enhanced by increasing qubits or modifying the protocol

Abstract

A one way partial quantum bit commitment protocol is developed, using states with built-in classical correlation, completely independent of entanglement. It involves concealing information in a set of mutually non-orthogonal states and revealing it through measurements on a set of product states that are mutually orthogonal. Given $2^N$ choices to commit from, the protocol encodes each choice in a $N+1$ qubit state, from $2^N$ non-orthogonal states. A previously agreed upon $N$ qubit state corresponding to each choice, when coupled with the $N+1$ qubit state, yields an element belonging to a set of orthogonal product states, which can be deterministically distinguished. The protocol is demonstrated by implementing it for a `coin-toss' game. A procedure to enhance security of the protocol is explicated, increasing the number of qubits required. Thus a modification is suggested to reduce this required number.