Fermion Mass Hierarchy in Lifshitz Type Gauge Theory

TL;DR

This paper explores how a Lifshitz-type gauge theory extension of the standard model can naturally generate fermion mass hierarchies and flavor mixing through renormalizable interactions, without needing right-handed neutrinos.

Contribution

It introduces a Lifshitz-type extension that explains fermion mass hierarchy via operator dimensions, differing from traditional mechanisms like Froggatt-Nielsen.

Findings

Hierarchical fermion masses arise from operator dimensions in the model.

Tiny neutrino masses are achieved without right-handed neutrinos.

The model provides a renormalizable framework for flavor structure.

Abstract

We study the origin of fermion mass hierarchy and flavor mixing in a Lifshitz type extension of the standard model including an extra scalar field. We show that the hierarchical structure can originate from renormalizable interactions. In contrast to the Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism, the higher the dimension of associated operators, the heavier the fermion masses. Tiny masses for left-handed neutrinos are obtained without introducing right-handed neutrinos.