Conformal windows of SP(2N) and SO(N) gauge theories from topological excitations on R3 * S1

TL;DR

This paper estimates the lower boundary of the conformal window for SP(2N) and SO(N) gauge theories by analyzing topological excitations on R3*S1, providing insights into the onset of conformality.

Contribution

It introduces a novel method to estimate the conformal window boundaries using topological excitation indices on R3*S1 for these gauge groups.

Findings

Estimated the lower boundary of the conformal window for SP(2N) and SO(N) theories.

Compared new estimates with existing methods and results.

Provided a detailed analysis of topological excitations and mass gap generation.

Abstract

We derive an estimate of the lower boundary of the conformal window of SP(2N) and SO(N) gauge theories with fermionic matter in several different representations. We calculate the index of topological excitations for these groups on the manifold R3 * S1, from which we deduce the scale of the generation of the mass gap of the theory. This is then used to approximate the critical value of the number of species for the onset of conformality on R4. We also provide a detailed comparison with other estimates of the conformal window.