Entanglement of Coarse Grained Quantum Field in the Expanding Universe

TL;DR

This paper studies how quantum entanglement in a scalar field evolves in an expanding universe, showing that entanglement diminishes beyond the Hubble horizon, which relates to the emergence of classical behavior.

Contribution

It introduces a coarse-grained bipartite system approach and numerically analyzes entanglement dynamics in an expanding universe, linking quantum entanglement loss to classicality.

Findings

Entanglement disappears when spatial separation exceeds the Hubble horizon.

Initial entangled states become separable after horizon crossing.

Provides conditions for the quantum-to-classical transition of fluctuations.

Abstract

We investigate the entanglement of a quantum field in the expanding universe. By introducing a bipartite system using a coarse-grained scalar field, we apply the separability criterion based on the partial transpose operation and numerically calculate the bipartite entanglement between separate spatial regions. We find that the initial entangled state becomes separable or dis-entangled after the spatial separation of two points exceed the Hubble horizon. This provides the necessary condition for the appearance of classicality of the quantum fluctuation. We also investigate the condition of classicality that the quantum field can be treated as the classical stochastic variables.