Determination of total mechanical energy of the universe within the framework of Newtonian mechanics

TL;DR

This paper calculates the total mechanical energy of the universe using Newtonian mechanics, finding it close to zero with kinetic and gravitational energies nearly balancing each other.

Contribution

It provides a Newtonian framework to estimate the universe's total energies, showing they are nearly equal and opposite, which was not previously demonstrated in this context.

Findings

Total mechanical energy of the universe is close to zero.

Total kinetic energy is approximately 3/10 of the rest energy.

Total gravitational energy's magnitude is nearly equal to the kinetic energy.

Abstract

The recent astronomical observations indicate that the expanding universe having a finite particle horizon is homogeneous, isotropic and asymptotically flat. The Euclidean geometry of the universe enables to determine the total kinetic and gravitational energies of the universe within the framework of the Newtonian mechanics. It has been shown that almost the entire kinetic energy of the universe ensues from the cosmological expansion. Both, the total kinetic and gravitational energies of the universe have been determined in relation to an observer at arbitrary location. It is amazing that the modulus of the total gravitational energy differs from the total kinetic energy with a multiplier close to a unit. Thus, the total mechanical energy of the universe has been found close to zero. Both, the total kinetic energy and the modulus of total gravitational energy of the universe are estimated to 3/10 of its total rest energy M*c^2.