Cosmology and Astrophysics without Dark Energy and Dark Matter

TL;DR

This paper proposes a cosmological model that eliminates the need for dark energy and dark matter by showing a constant scale factor derivative, fitting supernova data without free parameters, and explaining galaxy rotation curves through energy density interactions.

Contribution

It introduces a novel cosmological framework where the scale factor's derivative is constant and explains galactic rotation curves without dark matter, based on energy density considerations.

Findings

H(z) derived as a function of redshift matches supernova data without free parameters.

Rotation curves of galaxies are explained without dark matter.

The model suggests the gravitational energy density equals the CMB energy density in the Hubble Sphere.

Abstract

We show that there is no need for the hypothetical Dark Energy (DE) and Dark Matter (DM) to explain phenomena attributed to them. In contrast to the consensus of the last decade, we show that the time derivative of the cosmological scale factor, is a constant. We derive H(z), the Hubble parameter, as a function of the redshift, z. Based on H(z), we derive a curve of the Distance Modulus versus log(z). This curve fits data from supernovae observations, without any free parameters. This fit is as good as that obtained by current cosmology, which needs the free parameters Omega_M and Omega_Lambda. We obtain these results by using the hitherto un-noticed fact that the global gravitational energy density in our Hubble Sphere (HS) is equal to the Cosmological Microwave Background (CMB) energy density. We derive the dynamic and kinematic relations that govern the motions of celestial bodies in and around galaxies. This derivation does not require any gravitating matter beyond the observed baryonic matter. The theoretical Rotation Curves (RC), resulting from these relations, fit observed RCs. We obtain these results by examining the interplay between the local gravitational energy density, around a galaxy, and the CMB energy density. This interplay causes the inhomogeneous and anisotropic space expansion around a galaxy.