Oscillating phantom in $F(R)$ gravity

TL;DR

This paper explores how $F(R)$ gravity models can produce an oscillating effective equation of state that crosses the phantom divide multiple times, providing insights into late-time cosmic acceleration.

Contribution

It demonstrates the realization of multiple phantom divide crossings within $F(R)$ gravity models, highlighting their potential to explain complex cosmic behaviors.

Findings

$F(R)$ models can produce oscillating EoS crossing the phantom divide multiple times

The behavior of $F(R)$ functions can realize complex cosmic evolution scenarios

Oscillating EoS may have implications for late-time acceleration and dark energy models

Abstract

We investigate the oscillating effective equation of state (EoS) of the universe around the phantom divide in the framework of $F(R)$ gravity. We illustrate the behavior of $F(R)$ with realizing multiple crossings of the phantom divide.