Recent Star Formation in Low Metallicities. The Star-Forming Region NGC 346/N66 in the Small Magellanic Cloud from Near-Infrared VLT/ISAAC Observations

TL;DR

This study uses near-infrared VLT/ISAAC observations to identify and analyze candidate young stellar objects in the star-forming region NGC 346/N66 of the Small Magellanic Cloud, revealing their spatial distribution and properties.

Contribution

It provides a new set of near-IR colours for candidate young stellar sources in NGC 346/N66, aiding the understanding of star formation at low metallicities.

Findings

Identified 263 candidate young stellar sources with near-IR excess.

Candidates are spatially aligned with dusty filamentary structures.

Provided original near-IR colour data for various young stellar objects.

Abstract

We perform a photometric analysis on deep, seeing-limited near-IR VLT images of the region NGC 346/N66 and a nearby control field of the SMC in order to locate the centres of active high- and intermediate-mass star formation through the identification of near-IR bright objects as candidate stellar sources under formation.We use archived imaging data obtained with the high-resolution camera ISAAC at VLT of NGC 346/N66 and we construct the near-IR colour-magnitude (CMD) and colour-colour diagrams (C-CD) of all detected sources. We investigate the nature of all stellar populations in the observed CMDs, and we identify all stellar sources that show significant near-IR excess emission in the observed C-CD. We select, thus, the best candidates for being young stellar sources. Based on their near-IR colours we select 263 candidate young stellar sources. This sample comprises a variety of objects such as intermediate-mass PMS and Herbig Ae/Be stars and possibly massive YSOs, providing original near-IR colours for them. The spatial distribution of the selected candidate sources shows that they are located along the dusty filamentary structures of N66 seen in mid- and far-IR dust emission and agrees very well with that of previously detected candidate YSOs and PMS stars. Our study provides an original accurate set of near-IR colours for candidate young stellar sources. While this adds significant information on the star formation process in NGC 346/N66, it is still necessary to reveal the exact nature of these objects, a process that requires the combination of multi-wavelength data, so that complete Spectral Energy Distributions can be constructed for individual sources. This would be a quite important follow-up study to that presented here.