The molecular gas content of the advanced S+E merger NGC 4441 - Evidence for an extended decoupled nuclear disc?

TL;DR

This study investigates the molecular gas distribution and kinematics in the advanced S+E merger NGC 4441, revealing an extended gas reservoir and a decoupled nuclear disc, providing insights into merger-driven star formation.

Contribution

It presents detailed molecular gas observations of NGC 4441, highlighting the presence of an extended reservoir and a decoupled nuclear disc, advancing understanding of S+E merger effects.

Findings

Extended molecular gas reservoir (~4 kpc) with ~5x10^8 M_sun mass.

Detection of a kinematically decoupled nuclear disc.

Different rotation sense between nuclear disc and large-scale HI structure.

Abstract

Mergers between a spiral and an elliptical (S+E mergers) are poorly studied so far despite the importance for galaxy evolution. NGC4441 is a nearby candidate for an advanced remnant of such a merger, showing typical tidal structures like an optical tail and two shells as well as two HI tails. The study of the molecular gas content gives clues on the impact of the recent merger event on the star formation. Simulations of S+E mergers predict contradictory scenarios concerning the strength and the extent of an induced starburst. Thus, observations of the amount and the distribution of the molecular gas, the raw material of star formation, are needed to understand the influence of the merger on the star formation history. 12CO and 13CO (1-0) and (2-1) observations were obtained using the Onsala Space Observatory 20m and IRAM 30m telescope as well as the Plateau de Bure interferometer. These data allow us to carry out a basic analysis of the molecular gas properties such as estimates of the molecular gas mass, its temperature and density and the star formation efficiency. The CO observations reveal an extended molecular gas reservoir out to ~4kpc, with a total molecular gas mass of ~5x10^8 M_sun. Furthermore, high resolution imaging shows a central molecular gas feature, most likely a rotating disc hosting most of the molecular gas ~4x10^8 M_sun. This nuclear disc shows a different sense of rotation than the large-scale HI structure, indicating a kinematically decoupled core. (abbreviated)