Soliton creation during a Bose-Einstein condensation

TL;DR

This paper investigates how solitons form during Bose-Einstein condensation using stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii simulations, proposing a method to determine critical exponents from soliton counts and correlation functions.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach to measure critical exponents in BEC transitions by analyzing soliton creation during the cooling process.

Findings

Cooling-induced solitons depend on the transition's critical exponents.

Counting solitons can reveal the critical exponents z and nu.

Two-point correlation functions also provide critical exponent information.

Abstract

We use stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii equation to study dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensation. We show that cooling into a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) can create solitons with density given by the cooling rate and by the critical exponents of the transition. Thus, counting solitons left in its wake should allow one to determine the critical exponents z and nu for a BEC phase transition. The same information can be extracted from two-point correlation functions.