Electromotive forces and the Meissner effect puzzle

TL;DR

This paper explores the common underlying mechanism of charge movement against electromagnetic forces in voltaic cells and superconductors, proposing quantum pressure as the driving force behind both phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces the idea that kinetic energy lowering, or quantum pressure, explains charge flow against electromagnetic forces in both voltaic cells and the Meissner effect.

Findings

Charge flows against electric fields in both systems.

Quantum pressure is proposed as the unifying driving mechanism.

Provides a new perspective on electromagnetic force overcoming in superconductors.

Abstract

In a voltaic cell, positive (negative) ions flow from the low (high) potential electrode to the high (low) potential electrode, driven by an `electromotive force' which points in opposite direction and overcomes the electric force. Similarly in a superconductor charge flows in direction opposite to that dictated by the Faraday electric field as the magnetic field is expelled in the Meissner effect. The puzzle is the same in both cases: what drives electric charges against electromagnetic forces? I propose that the answer is also the same in both cases: kinetic energy lowering, or `quantum pressure'.