Advances in diffraction of subnuclear waves

TL;DR

This review summarizes recent experimental results on diffractive processes across various colliders and fixed target experiments, discussing their implications for understanding nucleon structure and future research prospects.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive synthesis of recent diffractive measurements and explores their significance for nucleon tomography and high-energy collider physics.

Findings

Enhanced understanding of parton localization in nucleons

Insights into diffractive processes at HERA, Tevatron, and fixed target experiments

Prospects for measuring Higgs production via diffraction at LHC

Abstract

In this review, we present and discuss the most recent results on inclusive and exclusive diffractive processes at HERA and Tevatron colliders. Measurements from fixed target experiments at HERMES and Jefferson laboratory are also reviewed. The complementarity of all these results is analysed in the context of perturbative QCD and new challenging issues in nucleon tomography are studied. A first understanding of how partons are localised in the nucleon to build orbital momenta can be addressed with these experimental results. Some prospects are outlined for new measurements in fixed target kinematic, at Jefferson laboratory and CERN, at COMPASS, or at the LHC. Of special interest is the exclusive (coherent) production of Higgs boson and heavy objects at the LHC. Based on the present knowledge, some perspectives are presented in this direction.