Chiral Topological Insulators, Superconductors and other competing orders in three dimensions

TL;DR

This paper explores three-dimensional Dirac systems, identifying chiral topological insulators and superconductors with stable surface states, characterized by topological invariants, and discusses their relation to other topological phases and defects.

Contribution

It introduces a lattice model demonstrating new topological phases, including chiral topological insulators and superconductors, with detailed analysis of their surface states and defect structures.

Findings

Identification of chiral topological insulators with surface Dirac modes

Discovery of stable topological superconductors under certain symmetries

Duality relation between topological phases and Neel order

Abstract

We discuss the proximate phases of a three-dimensional system with Dirac-like dispersion. Using the cubic lattice with plaquette $\pi$-flux as a model, we find, among others phases, a chiral topological insulator and singlet topological superconductor. While the former requires a special "chiral" symmetry, the latter is stable as long as time reversal and SU(2) spin rotation symmetry are present. These phases are characterized by stable surface Dirac fermion modes, and by an integer topological invariant in the bulk. The key features of these phases are readily understood in a two dimensional limit with an appropriate pairing of Dirac nodes between layers. This Dirac node-pairing picture is also shown to apply to $Z_2$ topological insulators protected by time-reversal symmetry (TRS). The nature of point-like topological defects in these phases is also investigated, revealing an interesting duality relation between these topological phases and the Neel phase.