TL;DR
This paper explores models of dark energy featuring various step-like features in scalar field parameters, demonstrating how such steps can produce observable effects and allow the equation-of-state parameter to cross the cosmological constant boundary.
Contribution
It introduces multiple toy models with steps in potential, kinetic term, energy density, and w, showing how a single scalar field can dynamically cross w=-1.
Findings
A scalar field with a step in the kinetic term can cross w=-1.
Models with steps can generate observable features in dark energy.
Stepped models provide a mechanism for dynamic w evolution.
Abstract
The past and recent data analyses gave some hints of steps in dark energy. Considering the dark energy as a dynamical scalar field, we investigate several models with various steps: a step in the scalar potential, a step in the kinetic term, a step in the energy density and a step in the equation-of-state parameter w. These toy models provide a workable mechanism to generate steps and features of dark energy. Remarkably, a single real scalar can cross w=-1 dynamically with a step in the kinetic term.
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