Parallel pumping of electrons

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the parallel operation of ten single-electron turnstiles, significantly increasing current levels while maintaining accuracy, and discusses the challenges posed by charge instability for scaling.

Contribution

It introduces a method for parallelizing single-electron turnstiles without losing accuracy, advancing quantum metrology applications.

Findings

Achieved tenfold increase in current to 100 pA

Parallelization does not compromise accuracy or stability

Charge instability limits scalability

Abstract

We present simultaneous operation of ten single-electron turnstiles leading to one order of magnitude increase in current level up to 100 pA. Our analysis of device uniformity and background charge stability implies that the parallelization can be made without compromising the strict requirements of accuracy and current level set by quantum metrology. In addition, we discuss how offset charge instability limits the integration scale of single-electron turnstiles.