Triangulation of gravitational wave sources with a network of detectors

TL;DR

This paper analyzes how accurately a network of gravitational wave detectors can localize sources using triangulation, considering timing precision, systematic uncertainties, and their impact on multi-messenger astronomy.

Contribution

It provides a detailed assessment of timing accuracy, localization precision, and the effects of systematic uncertainties for gravitational wave source localization.

Findings

Localization accuracy depends on detector network configuration.

Systematic uncertainties significantly affect source localization.

Timing precision is crucial for effective triangulation.

Abstract

There is significant benefit to be gained by pursuing multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational wave and electromagnetic observations. In order to undertake electromagnetic follow-ups of gravitational wave signals, it will be necessary to accurately localize them in the sky. Since gravitational wave detectors are not inherently pointing instruments, localization will occur primarily through triangulation with a network of detectors. We investigate the expected timing accuracy for observed signals and the consequences for localization. In addition, we discuss the effect of systematic uncertainties in the waveform and calibration of the instruments on the localization of sources. We provide illustrative results of timing and localization accuracy as well as systematic effects for coalescing binary waveforms.