TL;DR
Recent astrophysical observations across gamma rays, blazar spectra, and CMB data suggest that the photon may have a tiny but nonzero mass around 10^{-33} eV, challenging the traditional assumption of a massless photon.
Contribution
The paper compiles and analyzes multiple independent astrophysical observations to provide evidence supporting a nonzero photon mass around 10^{-33} eV.
Findings
Consistent photon mass estimate from gamma-ray time lag
Spectral analysis of blazars supports nonzero photon mass
CMB power suppression aligns with photon mass hypothesis
Abstract
The author's work over the past years has indicated that the photon has a small mass . Recent observations from three different viewpoints -- the time lag in cosmic gamma rays with different frequencies, the observation of the spectra of blazars and an analysis of the CMB power supression from the WMAP data -- all vindicate this conclusion and remarkably, the same value.
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