Hylomorphic solitons

TL;DR

This paper explores the theoretical foundations and properties of hylomorphic solitons, a class of solitary waves linked to energy/charge ratios, including their existence principles and applications in nonlinear equations.

Contribution

It provides a general definition of hylomorphic solitons, interprets their nature, and applies these concepts to the nonlinear Schrödinger and Klein-Gordon equations.

Findings

Hylomorphic solitons are characterized by energy/charge ratios.

The paper establishes foundational principles like variational and invariance principles for these solitons.

Applications to nonlinear Schrödinger and Klein-Gordon equations demonstrate their relevance.

Abstract

This paper is devoted to the study of solitary waves and solitons whose existence is related to the ratio energy/charge. These solitary waves are called hylomorphic. This class includes the Q-balls, which are spherically symmetric solutions of the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation (NKG), as well as solitary waves and vortices which occur, by the same mechanism, in the nonlinear Schroedinger equation and in gauge theories. This paper is devoted to the study of hylomorphic soliton. Mainly we will be interested in the very general principles which are at the base of their existence such as the Variational Principle, the Invariance Principle, the Noether theorem, the Hamilton-Jacobi theory etc. We give a general definition of hylomorphic solitons and an interpretation of their nature (swarm interpretation) which is very helpful in understanding their behavior. We apply these ideas to the Nonlinear Schroedinger Equation (NS) and to the Nonlinear Klein-Gordon Equation (NKG) repectively.