Formation and evolution of kinky vortons

TL;DR

This paper uses field theory simulations to study the formation and stability of kinky vortons, which are localized charge-carrying loops of domain walls, potentially explaining domain wall network frustration.

Contribution

It demonstrates the formation of kinky vortons in a (2+1)-dimensional model with Z_2xU(1) symmetry, highlighting their stability and role in domain wall dynamics.

Findings

Kinky vortons can be long-lived or stable depending on parameters.

The number of domain walls does not follow standard scaling.

Simulations suggest a natural formation mechanism for cosmic vortons.

Abstract

We present field theory simulations of a model with Z_2xU(1) symmetry in (2+1)-dimensions. This model has two discrete vacua, allowing for domain walls, and also a conserved Noether charge. For initial conditions in which the field is placed in one of the vacua and given a homogeneous background charge, we find that the number of walls does not scale in the standard way. We argue that the Noether charge and current become localized on the walls, forming kinky vortons, (2+1) dimensional analogues of cosmic vortons. These loops of wall can be long-lived, or even stable, depending on the precise characteristics. We suggest that our simulations illustrate a possible mechanism for dynamical frustration of domain wall networks and that cosmic vortons will form naturally in U(1)xU(1) models.