Dark Matter, Quasars, and Superstructures in the Universe (with delta-particle search and spherical universe)

TL;DR

This paper proposes a new model linking dark matter, quasars, and superstructures, suggesting the existence of a delta particle and a spherical universe, with implications for early universe physics and particle mass scales.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of a delta particle and a spherical universe model, connecting dark matter annihilation to quasar energy mechanisms and early universe conditions.

Findings

Neutrino mass estimated at ~0.1 eV from quasar distribution

Proposes delta particle (~1 eV) as key to quasar energy processes

Introduces a mass scale sequence analogous to the periodic table for cosmology

Abstract

From the observed results of the space distribution of quasars we deduced that neutrino mass is about10^(-1) eV. The fourth stable elementary particle (delta particle) with mass about 10^(0) eV can help explain the energy resource mechanism in quasars, the peaks of Extra-galactic Background Light (EBL) etc. The key is the annihilation of dark matter particles under the super-strong gravitational/electromagnetic fields from supermassive compact celestial bodies (SCCB) such as galactic nuclei, quasars etc. Their origin is at the early era of the universe (EEU) as universe density lo large than lo(cr) and lo/c^(2)=const, and physical singularities (PSs) are produced from inflation-explosion stage. PSs can still hide in SCCB with FTL matter now. The energy scale at lo(cr) is the critical energy E(cr). At E(cr), inner symmetries are degenerated; below E(cr), it can hold at most 4-fold SM. Appendix is the theoretical/phenomenal part related to the mass scales sequence (MSS), inflation-explosion, spherical universe, BSM, new particles etc. The MSS, like a Mendeleev's periodic table, can be used to cosmology.