# Deconfinement, Monopoles and New Phenomena in Heavy Ion Collisions

## TL;DR

This paper explores the magnetic scenario in quark-gluon plasma near the deconfinement transition, proposing a dual magnetohydrodynamics framework that explains phenomena like flux tubes and specific correlation structures observed at RHIC.

## Contribution

It introduces a dual magnetohydrodynamics approach to describe magnetic effects in quark-gluon plasma and connects theoretical predictions with experimental observations of flux tubes and correlation structures.

## Key findings

- Existence of a QGP 'corona' with magnetic dominance near T_c
- Splitting of sound modes into two velocities due to magnetic effects
- Experimental evidence of flux tube remnants in RHIC data

## Abstract

We discuss various manifestations of the "magnetic scenario" for the quark-gluon plasma viewed as a mixture of two plasmas, of electrically (quark and gluons) as well as magnetically charged quasiparticles. Near the deconfinement phase transition, $T\approx T_c$ very small density of free quarks should lead to negligible screening of electric field while magnetic screening remains strong. The consequence of this should be existence of a "corona" of the QGP, in a way similar to that of the Sun, in which electric fields influence propagation of perturbations and even form metastable flux tubes. The natural tool for its description is (dual) magnetohydrodynamics: among observable consequences is splitting of sound into two modes, with larger and smaller velocity. The latter can be zero, hinting for formation of pressure-stabilized flux tubes. Remarkably, recent experimental discoveries at RHIC show effects similar to expected for "corona structures". In dihadron correlation function with large-$p_t$ trigger there are a "cone" and a "hard ridge",while the so called "soft ridge" is a similar structure seen without hard trigger. They seem to be remnants of flux tubes, which -- contrary to naive expectations -- seem to break less often in near-$T_c$ matter than do confining strings in vacuum.