The normal Type Ia SN 2003hv out to very late phases

TL;DR

This study presents extensive late-phase observations of SN 2003hv, a normal Type Ia supernova, revealing flux evolution, spectral features, and potential positron trapping, challenging the infrared catastrophe scenario.

Contribution

It provides the latest near-infrared detection of a SN Ia and analyzes flux evolution up to 786 days, offering new insights into late-time supernova behavior and ejecta properties.

Findings

SN 2003hv is a normal SN Ia with typical decline rate.

Late-time flux shows a possible slowdown in optical decline.

Data do not support a dramatic infrared catastrophe.

Abstract

An extensive dataset for SN 2003hv that covers the flux evolution from maximum light to day +786 is presented. The data are combined with published nebular-phase infrared spectra, and the observations are compared to model light curves and synthetic nebular spectra. SN 2003hv is a normal Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) with photometric and spectroscopic properties consistent with its rarely observed B-band decline-rate parameter, Delta m_15 = 1.61 +- 0.02. The blueshift of the most isolated [Fe II] lines in the nebular-phase optical spectrum appears consistent with those observed in the infrared at similar epochs. At late times there is a prevalent color evolution from the optical toward the near-infrared bands. We present the latest-ever detection of a SN Ia in the near-infrared in Hubble Space Telescope images. The study of the ultraviolet/optical/infrared (UVOIR) light curve reveals that a substantial fraction of the flux is "missing" at late times. Between 300-700 days past maximum brightness, the UVOIR light curve declines linearly following the decay of radioactive Co56, assuming full and instantaneous positron trapping. At 700 days we detect a possible slowdown of the decline in optical bands, mainly in the V band. The data are incompatible with a dramatic infrared catastrophe. However, the idea that an infrared catastrophe occurred in the densest regions before 350 days can explain the missing flux from the UVOIR wavelengths and the flat-topped profiles in the near-infrared. We argue that such a scenario is possible if the ejecta are clumpy. The observations suggest that positrons are most likely trapped in the ejecta.