Primordial Black Holes in Phantom Cosmology

TL;DR

This paper studies how phantom energy accretion accelerates the decay of primordial black holes, significantly increasing their initial mass and affecting their current abundance in an accelerating universe.

Contribution

It introduces the impact of phantom energy accretion on primordial black hole evolution, highlighting a substantial increase in their initial mass and decay timing.

Findings

Black holes decay earlier due to phantom energy accretion.

Decaying black holes now would be over 10 orders of magnitude more massive.

The effect influences predictions of black hole abundance in accelerating universes.

Abstract

We investigate the effects of accretion of phantom energy onto primordial black holes. Since Hawking radiation and phantom energy accretion contribute to a {\it decrease} of the mass of the black hole, the primordial black hole that would be expected to decay now due to the Hawking process would decay {\it earlier} due to the inclusion of the phantom energy. Equivalently, to have the primordial black hole decay now it would have to be more massive initially. We find that the effect of the phantom energy is substantial and the black holes decaying now would be {\it much} more massive -- over 10 orders of magnitude! This effect will be relevant for determining the time of production and hence the number of evaporating black holes expected in a universe accelerating due to phantom energy.