Quantum phase diagrams of fermionic dipolar gases for an arbitrary orientation of dipole moment in a planar array of 1D tubes

TL;DR

This paper explores the complex phase behavior of fermionic dipolar gases in a 2D array of 1D tubes, revealing various quantum phases and their dependence on dipole orientation using advanced theoretical methods.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive phase diagram for dipolar gases with arbitrary dipole orientations, including novel inter-tube superfluid and density wave phases, using Luttinger liquid theory.

Findings

Identified multiple quantum phases including charge density wave and superfluid states.

Mapped the phase diagram as a function of dipole orientation and interaction strength.

Analyzed the physical properties and potential solid-state analogs of these phases.

Abstract

We systematically study ground state properties of fermionic dipolar gases in a planar array of one-dimensional potential tubes for an arbitrary orientation of dipole moments. Using the Luttinger liquid theory with the generalized Bogoliubov transformation, we calculate the elementary excitations and the Luttinger scaling exponents for various relevant quantum orders. The complete quantum phase diagrams for arbitrary polar angle of the dipole moment is obtained, including charge density wave, p-wave superfluid, inter-tube gauge-phase density wave, and inter-tube s-wave superfluid, where the last two breaks the U(1) gauge symmetry of the system (conservation of particle number in each tube) and occurs only when the inter-tube interaction is larger than the intra-tube interaction. We then discuss the physical properties of these many-body phases and their relationship with some solid state systems.