Quiet but still bright: XMM-Newton observations of the soft gamma-ray repeater SGR 0526-66

TL;DR

This study presents a detailed analysis of XMM-Newton observations of SGR 0526-66, revealing its pulsation period, a decrease in spin-down rate, and persistent high X-ray luminosity, supporting its classification as a bright magnetar candidate.

Contribution

First measurement of SGR 0526-66's pulsation period and spin-down rate change using deep XMM-Newton data, enhancing understanding of its persistent emission and magnetic activity.

Findings

Detected pulsation period of 8.0544 seconds.

Observed a significant reduction in spin-down rate.

Maintains high X-ray luminosity (~4E+35 erg/s) over 25 years.

Abstract

SGR 0526-66 was the first soft gamma-ray repeater (SGR) from which a giant flare was detected in March 1979, suggesting the existence of magnetars, i.e. neutron stars powered by the decay of their extremely strong magnetic field. Since then, very little information has been obtained on this object, mainly because it has been burst-inactive since 1983 and the study of its persistent X-ray emission has been hampered by its large distance and its location in a X-ray bright supernova remnant in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Here we report on a comprehensive analysis of all the available XMM-Newton observations of SGR 0526-66. In particular, thanks to a deep observation taken in 2007, we measured its pulsation period (P = 8.0544 +/- 0.0002 s) 6 years after its latest detection by Chandra. This allowed us to detect for the first time a significant reduction of its spin-down rate. From a comparison with two shorter XMM-Newton observations performed in 2000 and 2001, we found no significant changes in the spectrum, which is well modelled by an absorbed power-law with nH = 4.6E+21 cm^-2 and photon index = 3.27. The high luminosity (about 4E+35 erg/s, in the 1-10 keV energy band) still observed about 25 years after the latest detection of bursting activity places SGR 0526-66 in the group of bright and persistent magnetar candidates.