Effect of adhesion geometry and rigidity on cellular force distributions

TL;DR

This paper presents a mechanical model predicting how cell adhesion geometry and substrate rigidity influence force distribution, showing force localization at corners and dependence on substrate stiffness, validated by experiments.

Contribution

The study introduces a novel mechanical model linking adhesion geometry and rigidity to cellular force distribution, validated with experimental data.

Findings

Forces localize at corners in continuous adhesion patterns.

Force magnitude increases with distance between adhesion sites.

Softer substrates lead to smaller cellular forces.

Abstract

The behaviour and fate of tissue cells is controlled by the rigidity and geometry of their adhesive environment, possibly through forces localized to sites of adhesion. We introduce a mechanical model that predicts cellular force distributions for cells adhering to adhesive patterns with different geometries and rigidities. For continuous adhesion along a closed contour, forces are predicted to be localized to the corners. For discrete sites of adhesion, the model predicts the forces to be mainly determined by the lateral pull of the cell contour. With increasing distance between two neighboring sites of adhesion, the adhesion force increases because cell shape results in steeper pulling directions. Softer substrates result in smaller forces. Our predictions agree well with experimental force patterns measured on pillar assays.