Archipelagian Cosmology: Dynamics and Observables in a Universe with Discretized Matter Content

TL;DR

This paper explores a universe model with discrete matter islands, showing that optical properties differ from standard cosmology, but these differences do not account for dark energy effects.

Contribution

It introduces a discretized matter universe model and analyzes its optical and dynamical properties, highlighting differences from FRW cosmology.

Findings

Optical distances differ from FRW predictions.

Discretized matter does not mimic dark energy effects.

Large-scale dynamics approach FRW in certain limits.

Abstract

We consider a model of the Universe in which the matter content is in the form of discrete islands, rather than a continuous fluid. In the appropriate limits the resulting large-scale dynamics approach those of a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe. The optical properties of such a space-time, however, do not. This illustrates the fact that the optical and `average' dynamical properties of a relativistic universe are not equivalent, and do not specify each other uniquely. We find the angular diameter distance, luminosity distance and redshifts that would be measured by observers in these space-times, using both analytic approximations and numerical simulations. While different from their counterparts in FRW, the effects found do not look like promising candidates to explain the observations usually attributed to the existence of Dark Energy. This incongruity with standard FRW cosmology is not due to the existence of any unexpectedly large structures or voids in the Universe, but only to the fact that the matter content of the Universe is not a continuous fluid.