The magnetic field and geometry of the oblique shock in the jet of 3C 346

TL;DR

This study combines multi-wavelength polarimetry data to analyze the magnetic field structure and shock geometry in the jet of galaxy 3C 346, revealing a highly relativistic upstream flow and an oblique shock model.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed polarization-based model of the oblique shock geometry in the 3C 346 jet, integrating optical, radio, and X-ray observations.

Findings

The jet's magnetic field aligns with the shock-induced kink.

The upstream flow is highly relativistic, around 0.91c.

The shock plane is inclined at approximately 51 degrees to the flow.

Abstract

We investigate the brightest regions of the kpc-scale jet in the powerful radio galaxy 3C 346, using new optical HST ACS/F606W polarimetry together with Chandra X-ray data and 14.9 GHz and 22.5 GHz VLA radio polarimetry. The jet shows a close correspondence in optical and radio morphology, while the X-ray emission shows an 0.80 +/- 0.17 kpc offset from the optical and radio peak positions. Optical and radio polarimetry show the same apparent magnetic field position angle and fractional polarization at the brightest knot, where the jet undergoes a large kink of almost 70 degrees in the optical and radio images. The apparent field direction here is well-aligned with the new jet direction, as predicted by earlier work that suggested the kink was the result of an oblique shock. We have explored models of the polarization from oblique shocks to understand the geometry of the 3C 346 jet, and find that the upstream flow is likely to be highly relativistic (0.91 +0.05 / -0.07 c), where the plane of the shock front is inclined at an angle of 51 (+/- 11) degrees to the upstream flow which is at an angle 14 (+8 / -7) degrees to our line of sight. The actual deflection angle of the jet in this case is only 22 degrees.