Thermodynamics of the QCD plasma and the large-N limit

TL;DR

This study investigates the thermodynamic properties of SU(N) gauge theories at finite temperature in the large-N limit using lattice simulations, revealing N-independence and comparing with holographic models to understand the strongly-coupled QCD plasma.

Contribution

It provides high-precision lattice results for thermodynamic quantities across multiple N values and explores their implications for large-N QCD and holographic descriptions.

Findings

Thermodynamic quantities show mild N dependence.

Results support large-N approximation validity for QCD plasma.

Comparison with holographic models suggests quasi-conformal behavior.

Abstract

The equilibrium thermodynamic properties of the SU(N) plasma at finite temperature are studied non-perturbatively in the large-N limit, via lattice simulations. We present high-precision numerical results for the pressure, trace of the energy-momentum tensor, energy density and entropy density of SU(N) Yang-Mills theories with N=3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 colors, in a temperature range from 0.8T_c to 3.4T_c (where T_c denotes the critical deconfinement temperature). The results, normalized according to the number of gluons, show a very mild dependence on N, supporting the idea that the dynamics of the strongly-interacting QCD plasma could admit a description based on large-N models. We compare our numerical data with general expectations about the thermal behavior of the deconfined gluon plasma and with various theoretical descriptions, including, in particular, the improved holographic QCD model recently proposed by Kiritsis and collaborators. We also comment on the relevance of an AdS/CFT description for the QCD plasma in a phenomenologically interesting temperature range where the system, while still strongly-coupled, approaches a `quasi-conformal' regime characterized by approximate scale invariance. Finally, we perform an extrapolation of our results to the N to $\infty$ limit.