kHz Quasi-Periodic Oscillations in the low-mass X-ray binary 4U 0614+09

TL;DR

This study analyzes kilohertz QPOs in the neutron star binary 4U 0614+09 using extensive RXTE data, clarifies previous high-frequency claims, and explores implications for neutron star mass and accretion disk behavior.

Contribution

It provides the most comprehensive analysis of kHz QPOs in 4U 0614+09 to date, clarifies the non-detection of a previously reported 1330 Hz QPO, and examines the QPO properties related to neutron star mass estimation.

Findings

Maximum upper kHz QPO frequency around 1224 Hz.

Drop in quality factor of lower kHz QPO above 700 Hz.

Presence of a frequency gap in the upper QPO distribution.

Abstract

We report on a comprehensive analysis of the kilohertz (above 300 Hz) quasi-periodic oscillations (kHz QPOs) detected from the neutron star low-mass X-ray binary 4U0614+09 with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). With a much larger data set than previously analyzed (all archival data from February 1996 up to October 2007), we first investigate the reality of the 1330 Hz QPO reported by van Straaten et al. (2000). This QPO would be of particular interest since it has the highest frequency reported for any source. A thorough analysis of the same observation fails to confirm the detection. On the other hand, over our extended data set, the highest QPO frequency we measure for the upper kHz QPO is at about 1224 Hz; a value which is fully consistent with the maximum values observed in similar systems. Second, we demonstrate that the frequency dependence of the quality factor and amplitude of the lower and upper kHz QPOs follow the systematic trends seen in similar systems (Barret et al., 2006). In particular, 4U0614+09 shows a drop of the quality factor of the lower kHz QPO above 700 Hz. If this is due to an approach to the innermost stable circular orbit, it implies a neutron star mass of about 1.9 solar masses. Finally, when analyzing the data over fixed durations, we have found a gap in the frequency distribution of the upper QPO, associated with a local minimum of its amplitude. A similar gap is not present in the distribution of the lower QPO frequencies, suggesting some cautions when interpreting frequency ratio distributions, based on the occurrence of the lower QPO only.