Core sizes and dynamical instabilities of giant vortices in dilute Bose-Einstein condensates

TL;DR

This paper investigates the properties of giant vortices in dilute Bose-Einstein condensates, focusing on their core sizes and stability, with implications for creating high-angular-momentum vortices via vortex pumping.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of how core sizes scale with vortex quantum number and characterizes the dynamical instabilities, advancing understanding of vortex manipulation in condensates.

Findings

Core size scales as the square root of the vortex quantum number.

Dynamical instability strength saturates or grows very slowly for large quantum numbers.

High angular momentum vortices can be achieved by increasing pump frequency.

Abstract

Motivated by a recent demonstration of cyclic addition of quantized vorticity into a Bose-Einstein condensate, the vortex pump, we study dynamical instabilities and core sizes of giant vortices. The core size is found to increase roughly as a square-root function of the quantum number of the vortex, whereas the strength of the dynamical instability either saturates to a fairly low value or increases extremely slowly for large quantum numbers. Our studies suggest that giant vortices of very high angular momenta may be achieved by gradually increasing the operation frequency of the vortex pump.