Low-energy limits on heavy Majorana neutrino masses from the neutrinoless double-beta decay and non-unitary neutrino mixing

TL;DR

This paper derives new constraints on heavy Majorana neutrino masses from neutrinoless double-beta decay data, highlighting the importance of non-unitary mixing effects and providing a method to determine or limit these masses.

Contribution

It introduces a more stringent bound on heavy neutrino parameters using exact seesaw relations and explores how low-energy data can constrain heavy neutrino masses in the minimal type-I seesaw model.

Findings

New bound |  R^2_{ek} M_k| < 0.23 eV from 0 uetaeta decay

Heavy neutrino contributions depend on their masses and mixing parameters

Potential to determine or constrain heavy neutrino masses with improved low-energy data

Abstract

In the type-I seesaw mechanism, both the light Majorana neutrinos (\nu_1, \nu_2, \nu_3) and the heavy Majorana neutrinos (N_1, ..., N_n) can mediate the neutrinoless double-beta (0\nu\beta\beta) decay. We point out that the contribution of \nu_i to this 0\nu\beta\beta process is also dependent on the masses M_k and the mixing parameters R_{ek} of N_k as a direct consequence of the exact seesaw relation, and the effective mass term of \nu_i is in most cases dominant over that of N_i. We obtain a new bound |\sum R^2_{ek} M_k| < 0.23 eV (or < 0.85 eV as a more conservative limit) at the 2\sigma level, which is much stronger than |\sum R^2_{ek} M^{-1}_k| < 5 \times 10^{-8} GeV^{-1} used in some literature, from current experimental constraints on the 0\nu\beta\beta decay. Taking the minimal type-I seesaw scenario for example, we illustrate the possibility of determining or constraining two heavy Majorana neutrino masses by using more accurate low-energy data on lepton number violation and non-unitarity of neutrino mixing.