Spinning Q-balls in the complex signum-Gordon model

TL;DR

This paper studies spinning Q-balls in a specific scalar field model, revealing that they form finite-width rings with energy scaling as the fifth root of angular momentum, expanding understanding of their rotational properties.

Contribution

It introduces the first detailed analysis of rotational excitations of Q-balls in the complex signum-Gordon model, highlighting their ring-shaped structure and energy-angular momentum relationship.

Findings

Spinning Q-balls form finite-width rings.

Energy scales as |M_z|^(1/5) for large angular momentum.

Almost all spinning Q-balls exhibit ring-like configurations.

Abstract

Rotational excitations of compact Q-balls in the complex signum-Gordon model in 2+1 dimensions are investigated. We find that almost all such spinning Q-balls have the form of a ring of strictly finite width. In the limit of large angular momentum M_z their energy is proportional to |M_z|^(1/5).