Thermodynamics of the Universe Filled with Perfect Fluid Having Variable Equation of State

TL;DR

This paper investigates the thermodynamics of a universe filled with a perfect fluid whose equation of state parameter varies with redshift, analyzing different models and the validity of thermodynamic laws at the apparent horizon.

Contribution

It explores the thermodynamics of a universe with a variable equation of state parameter, considering four different models and the implications for thermodynamic laws.

Findings

Thermodynamic laws hold at the apparent horizon for the models studied.

Different functional forms of the equation of state parameter are analyzed.

The study provides insights into the thermodynamic behavior of the universe with variable dark energy.

Abstract

We study the thermodynamics of the universe containing perfect fluid with equation of state $p=\omega\rho,\omega$ is variable. Here we choose $\omega$ to be a function of the red shift variable $z$ and four different choices of $\omega$ has been investigated. Also the laws of thermodynamics are examined considering the universe bounded by the horizon (apparent) as a thermodynamical system.