Manifestation and Origin of the Isotope Effect

TL;DR

This paper reviews how isotope effects manifest across various physical systems, emphasizing their dependence on mass and discussing the challenges in explaining their origin within the Standard Model.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of isotope effects in different physics domains and highlights the limitations of current theories in explaining their origin.

Findings

Isotope effects depend on mass across multiple physical systems.

Current models, including the Standard Model, cannot fully explain the origin of isotope effects.

The hierarchy of particle masses complicates understanding isotope phenomena.

Abstract

This article reviews from one point of view the current status of the manifestations of isotope effect in a nuclear, atomic and molecular as well as solid state physics. Although these manifestations vary, they have one common feature - they all depend on mass. At present time the Standard Model can't explain the origin of the mass of elementary particles and their hierarchy. The last one don't permit to find the origin of the isotope effect.