Off-diagonal geometric phase of atom-electron coupling in hydrogen atom

TL;DR

This paper investigates how external magnetic fields and temperature influence the off-diagonal geometric phase in a hydrogen atom's thermal state, revealing suppression effects and their relationship.

Contribution

It introduces an analysis of the off-diagonal geometric phase in hydrogen atoms considering external magnetic fields and thermal effects, which is a novel exploration.

Findings

Increasing temperature suppresses the off-diagonal geometric phase.

External magnetic fields affect the geometric phase.

Both 1st and 2nd order phases are considered.

Abstract

In this paper, the off-diagonal geometric phase of thermal state in hydrogen atom under the effects of external magnetic field is considered. Increasing temperature tends to suppress the off-diagonal geometric phase, including 1-order and 2-order cases. On the other hand, the relationship between the geometric phase and external magnetic field is discussed.